The internet of things (IoT) is increasingly becoming a key component of many companies’ data-driven transformation strategies.
Indeed, organisations that have embraced IoT are already seeing benefits such as improved operational processes, better inventory management, and enhanced equipment maintenance — to name a few.
But a successful IoT strategy is more than just connecting a bunch of devices and sensors to the internet and gathering data from these “things.” IT must establish the ability to effectively analyse the vast amounts of data IoT creates in order to make sense of it and gain real business insights.
That’s why an analytics strategy for IoT should be a top priority for any company looking to get the most out of all the connectivity.
Organisations can enjoy a number of advantages in leveraging the IoT data they gather, says Carlton Sapp, senior director and research and advisory leader at Gartner.
These include contextual awareness of equipment and systems; improved decision-making, optimisation and supervisory control of equipment and resources; reduced costs associated with data management; proactive, predictive and prescriptive management of equipment; and environmental compliance.
These opportunities are pervasive in use cases such as fleet optimisation and management, asset management, financial risk management, and smart cities, Sapp says.
But they require a sound, streamlined approach to the data end of IoT. Here are several tips for dealing with IoT data, and getting the most out of these resources.
Build an IoT analytics organisation and infrastructure
Once an organisation has an idea of its IoT analytics business goals, it needs to identify the key stakeholders who will be involved, says Stacy Crook, research director for IoT at IDC, and ascertain whether or those stakeholders require additional skills to make the project successful.
“It is a well-known fact that data science skills are in short supply in the industry, but these are essential for IoT analytics projects,” Crook says. “So the project may require hiring new employees, or outsourcing certain parts of the project to third parties,” if in-house data science skills are thin.
Organisations should also consider appointing a chief data officer (CDO) to champion IoT data analytics efforts and lead the data governance strategy, Crook says.
Because IoT is essentially a big data problem, IDC suggests organizations consider how their existing infrastructure could also serve IoT use cases. “Although older big data architectures might have been focused on batch-oriented workloads, increasingly there are tools available to run real-time workloads over this same backbone,” Crook says.
Leveraging the same infrastructure for various IoT workloads can have benefits in terms of preventing data siloes and providing the ability to more easily run cross-functional data analysis across those workloads, Crook says. “It can also provide data governance and security benefits,” she says.
Deploy an architecture that supports IoT data growth
Companies need to start with the right IoT data architecture and understand how to manage IoT data at various locations.
“Data emanating from IoT endpoints offers new and unique challenges, such as unreliable network access and combining devices that may be distributed over large distances and generate data in multiple formats over multiple protocols,” Sapp says.
Today, most IoT data is telemetry data, but endpoints are increasingly emitting image and audio data that should be handled by persistent data stores, Sapp says. “Start with an appropriate IoT data architecture that will support the expected growth in the volume of IoT,” he says.
Organisations often fail to effectively manage IoT data, due to a lack of a flexible/elastic data architecture. “Data will continue to grow, so design an architecture that leverages analytics and data mining techniques that identify critical information that can be used to improve processes, improve decision-making, or reduce costs,” Sapp says.
For example, telecommunications companies are successful at reducing the cost of moving data over a network by taking advantage of IoT analytics at the network edge that reduces “noisy data.”
“Those organisations focus on scalable edge-centric data architectures that are designed for rapid knowledge discovery in IoT data,” Sapp says.
Deliver analytics across data pipelines
The IoT data architecture should also support analytics across data pipelines (via streaming) and in local data stores to take advantage of faster decision-making and reduced costs, Sapp says.
Organisations can do this by focusing on data-centric design patterns when creating and deploying IoT analytics, including the use of event-driven architectures.
“Start by distributing analytics at the edge, on streaming pipelines, on the platform, and in the enterprise,” Sapp says. Organisations should take advantage of streaming IoT data pipelines as a source to deploy analytics to improve latency and reduce costs and security vulnerabilities, he says.
For example, the U.S. Department of Defense often performs analytics over streaming data pipelines to reduce the throughput of data over a network, Sapp says. It also leverages IoT edge analytics to avoid sending any data over a network, using operational analytics closer to the source of data.
There will most likely be multiple analytical environments deployed to support disparate analytics, Sapp says.
“Environments may range from operating systems to embedded analytics software,” he says. “Be prepared to deploy IoT analytics across a landscape that spreads from the network edge to the corporate enterprise. For example, utility organisations leverage distributing IoT analytics across various infrastructures to support fleet management.”
Leverage artificial intelligence
Organisations should enhance what they can do with IoT data by taking advantage of AI, Sapp says.
“Edge intelligence is an emerging field that uses AI as an analytic method deployed at the network edge, to develop intelligent applications from IoT data,” Sapp says.
These intelligent applications range from video surveillance to intelligent supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. For example, environmental organisations use IoT data to build intelligence control systems to maintain environmental compliance.
Adding AI to the IoT architecture Is becoming an operational imperative, Sapp says. IoT systems, including endpoint devices, must become smarter and more autonomous in order to deal with the ever-increasing magnitude of data. To make these systems smarter, organisations need to deploy AI and machine learning.
Be a cloud native
Given the huge volumes of data generated by IoT applications, for many organisations the cloud will be the only answer for getting a hold on data management, including analytics.
“It’s not worth it to build the scale and speed needed to really manage this volume in real time,” says Greg Meyers, group CIO and chief digital officer at Syngenta, a company that produces agrochemicals and seeds.
“Trying to manage it yourself in your own data center or on your own infrastructure is hugely self-defeating,” Meyers says.
IoT gives Syngenta the ability to manage its customers’ farms and fields, which are usually arbitrarily aggregated into small micro segments. “Humans are great at managing averages, but computers are better at managing variability,” Meyers says. “IoT lets us understand why things that are happening in one area are different than things that are happening maybe 100 meters away.”
Leading public cloud vendors are offering services to help companies with IoT analytics. For example, Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers IoT Analytics, a managed service that enables companies to run and operationalise sophisticated analytics on massive volumes of IoT data, without having to worry about the cost and complexity typically required to build an IoT analytics platform.
Microsoft offers Azure IoT, which includes a data analytics service called Azure IoT Central to provide analytics capabilities to examine historical trends and correlate various telemetries from connected devices. And Google provides Cloud IoT, a set of tools to connect, process, store, and analyse data both at the network edge and in the cloud.
Prioritise data governance, security, and privacy
Organisations need to ensure they have governance, security, and privacy mechanisms in place for IoT data analytics processes. Much of the data generated by IoT will be sensitive or have competitive value — and needs to be carefully managed and protected.
“Reassess current data governance practices [to] include machine data,” says Nicholas Colisto, vice president and CIO at Avery Dennison, a manufacturer and distributor of adhesive materials, apparel branding labels, and tags.
“From my experience, IoT governance is an immature area,” Colisto says. “In a previous company, I faced a situation where a business unit deployed an IoT system without seeking IT involvement, and simple operational tasks and tools to audit devices and apply firmware were not considered.”
Companies need to consider IoT data risks based on confidentiality, privacy, and retention requirements, Colisto says. “For example, if you are working with personal data, consider the issues that can arise from algorithmic bias or inability to comply with regulations such as GDPR [General Data Protection Regulation], which can lead to legal action and damage your company’s reputation,” he says.
Leverage IoT data for new revenue opportunities
Data generated from IoT can be valuable both inside and outside the company.
Chemical manufacturing company Texmark Chemicals launched an effort to modernise operations at its plant by deploying sensor-enabled pumps. Using technology from Hewlett Packard Enterprise and Aruba Networks, the company gathers operational data from pump sensors that measure temperature, pressure, vibrations, flow, and power. This data is analysed to predict equipment failures before they happen.
Through a “workshopping” process, Texmark realised that having sensor-enabled equipment not only helps the company monitor its assets and processes, but has opened the possibility to new business models, says Doug Smith, CEO.
The use of IoT becomes an additional selling factor prior to contract negotiations, Smith says. “Clients are beginning to realise the value of having access to data coming off contractor assets,” such as industrial pumps, he says. Clients then ask Texmark to add sensors to their pumps and provide them with the data.
“In essence, we are developing a library of historic performance attributes that can be catalogued and shared with other companies using similar equipment,” Smith says. “When deploying machine learning analytical models, the more data acquired, the greater the accuracy in the analytical prediction.”
By sharing IoT data with pump manufacturers or fellow suppliers, “we could prove the new business model, as long as the documentation is clear and precise,” Smith says. “Meanwhile, customers are impressed we have deployed instrumentation and software analytics to capture, analyse, and report on such data — allowing for more cost-effective decisions.”
This new data-as-a-service offering enabled by IoT can distinguish Texmark from competitors, Smith says, and creates a stronger bond with customers while empowering employees to achieve more from their work.
